# Building packages for AlmaLinux

This guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to build for AlmaLinux packages for different architectures. It also includes some background information about the mock tool, setup instructions, and some examples. These details can be helpful for the building packages for the AlmaLinux project.

# About `mock`

Mock (opens new window) is a tool for building RPM packages. It allows you to build packages for multiple architectures and different versions of RPM-based systems. It's possible to use mock to build packages for AlmaLinux OS as well.

This guide contains steps on how to build packages for AlmaLinux for different architectures.

The mock tool has such advantages as:

Mock creates a clean environment and clears it after the process is completed;
It is possible to build packages for different architectures and distributions with mock;
Mock doesn't require installing many development packages and tools.

The mock tool already contains config files for x86_64 and aarch64 architectures. You can find them in the /etc/mock/ directory.

WARNING

Mock doesn't have a config file to build i686 packages. So you have to create a config yourselves to make that possible.

Mock rebuilds RPMs from source RPMs. You have to download source RPMs in advance. All packages are available at repo.almalinux.org (opens new window).

Full package name contains package name, version, release and architecture. For example, in zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm package name is zlib, 1.2.11 is version, 17.el8 is release, and src for architecture but it indicates that it's an RPM source package.

# Setup mock and rpm-build

First step is to install EPEL repository to your system:

sudo dnf install -y epel-release

TIP

Get more information about AlmaLinux supports EPEL and other repositories on AlmaLinux wiki.

After EPEL installation is completed, you can install the mock tool:

sudo dnf install -y mock rpm-build

Run the following command to be added to the mock group. That is necessary as you are going to use mock to build packages:

sudo usermod -a -G mock username

# Building packages from SRPMS

# Instruction if changes are needed

These steps allow you to make some changes before building the package.

Once you've installed mock and put the user in the mock group, you need to download a package you want to build from repo.almalinux.org (opens new window). Use the wget command with the URL of the package. The downloaded package will appear in your home directory unless you specify.
Unpack the package and create directory structure using rpm -i command:

rpm -i ./fullpackagename.src.rpm

This command creates your workplace directory structure rpmbuild. There are two folders for now: SOURCES and SPECS. The purpose of the SOURCES directory is to download the source tarballs into this directory. SPECS directory contains .spec files which have package meta information and build instructions.

TIP

Now is the right time to make some changes, if needed, before building a package.

Switch to SPECS directory to prepare the source using rpmbuild, the -bs flag, and specifying the spec filename. Some more directories are created:
- BUILD has unpacked sources that get compiled in this directory;
- BUILDROOT is used for copied files during the install phase;
- RPMS has the created rpms;
- SRPMS has a .src.rpm with a spec file and the sources.

rpmbuild -bs packagename.spec

images

Switch to the SRPMS directory to build the package. The next step depends on what architecture you are building packages.

# x86_64

Use the almalinux-8-x86_64.cfg file that mock already has to build packages.

Run the following command to build the package:

mock -r almalinux-8-x86_64 --rebuild fullpackagename.src.rpm

Here is an example of what you can see as a building process:

INFO: mock.py version 2.12 starting (python version = 3.6.8, NVR = mock-2.12-1.el8)...
Start(bootstrap): init plugins
...
Finish(bootstrap): chroot init
Start: chroot init

...

Start: dnf update
...
AlmaLinux 8 - AppStream                                                     2.2 MB/s | 8.0 MB     00:03    
AlmaLinux 8 - PowerTools                                                    6.9 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
AlmaLinux 8 - PowerTools                                                    866 kB/s | 2.4 MB     00:02    
AlmaLinux 8 - Extras                                                        5.2 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
AlmaLinux 8 - Extras                                                        7.3 kB/s |  12 kB     00:01    
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================
 Package                            Architecture  Version                            Repository        Size
============================================================================================================
Upgrading:
 almalinux-release                  x86_64        8.5-3.el8                          baseos            24 k
 annobin                            x86_64        9.72-1.el8_5.2                     appstream        110 k
 bash                               x86_64        4.4.20-2.el8                       baseos           1.5 M
 ...                      baseos           1.2 M
 sqlite-libs                        x86_64        3.26.0-15.el8                      baseos           580 k
 systemd-libs                       x86_64        239-51.el8                         baseos           1.1 M
 tpm2-tss                           x86_64        2.3.2-4.el8                        baseos           274 k
 util-linux                         x86_64        2.32.1-28.el8                      baseos           2.5 M
 which                              x86_64        2.21-16.el8                        baseos            48 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Upgrade  74 Packages

Total download size: 133 M
Downloading Packages:
AlmaLinux 8 - AppStream           195% [==================================================================] done.B/s | 1.2 kB     --:-- ETA
(1/74): almalinux-release-8.5-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                              244 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
(2/74): chkconfig-1.19.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                   486 kB/s | 197 kB     00:00    
...
(71/74): qt5-srpm-macros-5.15.2-1.el8.noarch.rpm                             37 kB/s | 9.5 kB     00:00    
(72/74): rpm-build-4.14.3-19.el8.x86_64.rpm                                 168 kB/s | 172 kB     00:01    
(73/74): gcc-c++-8.5.0-3.el8.alma.x86_64.rpm                                611 kB/s |  12 MB     00:20    
(74/74): gcc-8.5.0-3.el8.alma.x86_64.rpm                                    783 kB/s |  23 MB     00:30    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                       2.2 MB/s | 133 MB     01:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Running scriptlet: filesystem-3.8-6.el8.x86_64                                                        1/1 
  Preparing        :                                                                                    1/1 
  Upgrading        : libgcc-8.5.0-3.el8.alma.x86_64                                                   1/148 
  Running scriptlet: libgcc-8.5.0-3.el8.alma.x86_64                                                   1/148 
  Upgrading        : crypto-policies-20210617-1.gitc776d3e.el8.noarch                                 2/148 
  ...
  Cleanup          : ncurses-base-6.1-7.20180224.el8.noarch                                         147/148 
  Cleanup          : libgcc-8.4.1-1.el8.alma.x86_64                                                 148/148 
  ...
  Verifying        : almalinux-release-8.5-3.el8.x86_64                                               1/148 
  Verifying        : almalinux-release-8.4-3.el8.x86_64                                               2/148 
  ...
  Verifying        : rpm-build-4.14.3-19.el8.x86_64                                                 147/148 
  Verifying        : rpm-build-4.14.3-14.el8_4.x86_64                                               148/148 

Upgraded:
  almalinux-release-8.5-3.el8.x86_64                        annobin-9.72-1.el8_5.2.x86_64                   
  bash-4.4.20-2.el8.x86_64                                  binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64                
  ...
  systemd-libs-239-51.el8.x86_64                            tpm2-tss-2.3.2-4.el8.x86_64                     
  util-linux-2.32.1-28.el8.x86_64                           which-2.21-16.el8.x86_64                        

Complete!
INFO: Calling postupdate hooks because there are new/updated packages:
krb5-libs-1.18.2-14.el8.x86_64
file-libs-5.33-20.el8.x86_64
...
rpm-build-libs-4.14.3-19.el8.x86_64
openldap-2.4.46-18.el8.x86_64
Start: creating root cache
Finish: creating root cache
Finish: dnf update
Finish: chroot init
Start: build phase for zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
Start: build setup for zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
Building target platforms: x86_64
Building for target x86_64
Wrote: /builddir/build/SRPMS/zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
AlmaLinux 8 - BaseOS                                                        3.7 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:01    
AlmaLinux 8 - AppStream                                                     4.9 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
AlmaLinux 8 - PowerTools                                                    4.1 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:01    
AlmaLinux 8 - Extras                                                        5.1 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================
 Package                          Architecture     Version                        Repository           Size
============================================================================================================
Installing:
 autoconf                         noarch           2.69-29.el8                    appstream           710 k
 automake                         noarch           1.16.1-7.el8                   appstream           712 k
 libtool                          x86_64           2.4.6-25.el8                   appstream           708 k
Installing dependencies:
 emacs-filesystem                 noarch           1:26.1-7.el8                   baseos               69 k
 groff-base                       x86_64           1.22.3-18.el8                  baseos              1.0 M
 m4                               x86_64           1.4.18-7.el8                   baseos              222 k
 ...
 perl-threads                     x86_64           1:2.21-2.el8                   baseos               61 k
 perl-threads-shared              x86_64           1.58-2.el8                     baseos               47 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Install  40 Packages
... 
(39/40): perl-libs-5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64.rpm                                389 kB/s | 1.6 MB     00:04    
(40/40): perl-interpreter-5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64.rpm                         1.0 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:06    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                       1.1 MB/s | 8.9 MB     00:07     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                    1/1 
  Installing       : m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                                            1/40 
  Running scriptlet: m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                                            1/40 
  Installing       : groff-base-1.22.3-18.el8.x86_64                                                   2/40 
  ...
  Installing       : libtool-2.4.6-25.el8.x86_64                                                      40/40 
  Running scriptlet: libtool-2.4.6-25.el8.x86_64                                                      40/40 
  Verifying        : emacs-filesystem-1:26.1-7.el8.noarch                                              1/40 
  Verifying        : groff-base-1.22.3-18.el8.x86_64                                                   2/40 
  ...
  Verifying        : perl-Thread-Queue-3.13-1.el8.noarch                                              40/40 

Installed:
  autoconf-2.69-29.el8.noarch                           automake-1.16.1-7.el8.noarch                       
  ...     
  perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64                      perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64              

Complete!
Finish: build setup for zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
Start: Outputting list of installed packages
Finish: Outputting list of installed packages
Start: rpmbuild zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
...
patching file contrib/minizip/unzip.c
Patch #2 (zlib-1.2.11-IBM-Z-hw-accelrated-deflate-s390x.patch):
+ echo 'Patch #2 (zlib-1.2.11-IBM-Z-hw-accelrated-deflate-s390x.patch):'
+ /usr/bin/patch --no-backup-if-mismatch -p1 --fuzz=0
patching file Makefile.in
patching file configure
...
patching file test/crc32_test.c
+ echo 'Patch #3 (zlib-1.2.11-optimized-CRC32-framework.patch):'
+ /usr/bin/patch --no-backup-if-mismatch -p1 --fuzz=0
...
+ /usr/bin/patch --no-backup-if-mismatch -p1 --fuzz=0
patching file crc32.c
patching file deflate.c
...
patching file deflate.c
patching file test/infcover.c
+ echo 'Patch #6 (zlib-1.2.11-IBM-Z-hw-accelrated-deflate-fix.patch):'
+ /usr/bin/patch --no-backup-if-mismatch -p1 --fuzz=0
...
gcc -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o inflate.o inflate.c
gcc -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/

Provides: debuginfo(build-id) = e0d0a31c725b443047e37c342f2f7a925a141786 zlib-debuginfo = 1.2.11-17.el8 zlib-debuginfo(x86-64) = 1.2.11-17.el8
Requires(rpmlib): rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
Recommends: zlib-debugsource(x86-64) = 1.2.11-17.el8
Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /builddir/build/BUILDROOT/zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64
Wrote: /builddir/build/RPMS/zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64.rpm
Wrote: /builddir/build/RPMS/zlib-devel-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64.rpm
Wrote: /builddir/build/RPMS/zlib-static-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64.rpm
Wrote: /builddir/build/RPMS/zlib-debugsource-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64.rpm
Wrote: /builddir/build/RPMS/zlib-debuginfo-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64.rpm
Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.x41aFv
+ umask 022
+ cd /builddir/build/BUILD
+ cd zlib-1.2.11
+ /usr/bin/rm -rf /builddir/build/BUILDROOT/zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64
+ exit 0
Finish: rpmbuild zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
Finish: build phase for zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm
INFO: Done(zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.src.rpm) Config(almalinux-8-x86_64) 18 minutes 57 seconds
INFO: Results and/or logs in: /var/lib/mock/almalinux-8-x86_64/result
Finish: run

# aarch64

Use the almalinux-8-aarch64.cfg file, though you need your computer or VM running on arm or qemu to proceed.

Run the following command to build the package:

mock -r almalinux-8-aarch64 --rebuild fullpackagename.src.rpm

# i686

Vault (opens new window) repository contains all i686 packages. Note, mock doesn't have a specified config file to build i686 packages or AlmaLinux. So you have to download this config file. Next, we need to put that config to the /etc/mock/ directory. It is possible to build i686 now.

Run the following command to build the package:

mock -r almalinux-8-i686 --rebuild fullpackagename.src.rpm

# Instruction without changes

In case you need to build a package without any changes, follow mentioned steps:

Install epel-release, mock, rpm-build and add a user to the mock group.
Download a package you want to rebuild from repo.almalinux.org (opens new window). Use the wget command with the URL of the package.
Run mock -r "configname" --rebuild fullpackagename.src.rpm to build the package.

TIP

"configname" is the name of a configuration file from /etc/mock/ without the /etc/mock/ path prefix and the .cfg suffix. Check the information above to see examples.

Builds are done in the /var/lib/mock directory. You can see the built packages in this directory.

# Building packages from git.almalinux.org (opens new window)

Another way to build packages is to receive sources and .spec files from git.almalinux.org (opens new window). Check this instruction to use this way:

Install epel-release, mock and add a user to the mock group.
Clone almalinux-git-utils (opens new window) repo. These are utilities for working with the AlmaLinux OS Git server. Use git clone and HTTPS link from git.almalinux.org (opens new window) to clone the repository.

TIP

SSH link for cloning the repo is available only for signed-in users.

Switch to the almalinux-git-utils directory and run the following commands:

python3 setup.py build

pip3 install .

Switch to the needed directory and clone a repo with the RPM package project from git.almalinux.org (opens new window). After that, you have the SPECS folder with the .spec file for the cloned project.
Switch to the project directory and run the mentioned command. This script downloads sources and BLOBs from the AlmaLinux sources cache. You can find them in the SOURCES folder.

alma_get_sources

Run these commands to create a workplace directory structure rpmbuild.

dnf install -y rpmdevtools

rpmdev-setuptree

Move SOURCES and SPECS files from the project directory to the ~/rpmbuild directory.
Switch to the ~/rpmbuild/SPECS directory and run this command to build a SPEC file:

rpmbuild -bs packagename.spec

See what config name you need and build the package using the mock tool:

mock -r "configname" --rebuild fullpackagename.src.rpm

# Config file for i686

config_opts['root'] = 'almalinux-8-i686'
config_opts['chroot_setup_cmd'] = 'install tar gcc-c++ redhat-rpm-config redhat-release which xz sed make bzip2 gzip gcc coreutils unzip shadow-utils diffutils cpio bash gawk rpm-build info patch util-linux findutils grep scl-utils scl-utils-build git-core'
config_opts['dist'] = 'el8.alma' 
config_opts['dnf_common_opts'] = ['--setopt=deltarpm=False', '--allowerasing', '--nobest', '--setopt=install_weak_deps=False']
config_opts['legal_host_arches'] = ['i386', 'i586', 'i686', 'x86_64']
config_opts['releasever'] = '8'
config_opts['package_manager'] = 'dnf'
config_opts['rpmbuild_networking'] = True
config_opts['target_arch'] = 'i686'
config_opts['extra_chroot_dirs'] = [ '/run/lock', ]
config_opts['use_bootstrap'] = False


config_opts['dnf.conf'] = """
[main]
keepcache=1
cachedir = /var/cache/yum
debuglevel=1
reposdir=/dev/null
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
retries=20
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=0
assumeyes=1
rpmverbosity = info
syslog_ident=mock
syslog_device=
metadata_expire=0
mdpolicy=group:primary
best=0
install_weak_deps=0
protected_packages=
module_platform_id=platform:el8
user_agent={{ user_agent }}


[baseos]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - BaseOS
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/BaseOS/i686/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[appstream]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - AppStream
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/AppStream/i686/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[powertools]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - PowerTools
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/PowerTools/i686/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[extras]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/extras/i686/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[ha]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - HighAvailability
baseurl = https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/HighAvailability/i686/os/
enabled = 0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[resilientstorage]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - ResilientStorage
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/ResilientStorage/i686/os/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

[devel]
name=AlmaLinux $releasever - Devel (WARNING: UNSUPPORTED - FOR BUILDROOT USE ONLY!)
baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org/vault/$releasever/devel/i686/os/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/alma/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux

"""

← The Process for Creating a New SIG* in the AlmaLinux Community Building AlmaLinux ISO locally →

# Building packages for AlmaLinux

# About mock

# Setup mock and rpm-build

# Building packages from SRPMS

# Instruction if changes are needed

# x86_64

# aarch64

# i686

# Instruction without changes

# Building packages from git.almalinux.org (opens new window)

# Config file for i686

# About `mock`